$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the four main stages of aerobic cellular respiration in order?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis, Formation of acetyl CoA, Citric acid cycle, Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of fermentation in cells under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue

Question 4

Which molecule is produced when pyruvate is oxidized in the mitochondria under aerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)

Question 5

In the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA combines with which molecule to form citric acid?

Accepted Answer

Oxaloacetate

Question 6

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate

Question 7

If oxygen is not present, what is the fate of pyruvate in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactate via lactic acid fermentation

Question 8

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 9

What is the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 10

Which equation best represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 11

During chemiosmosis, how is ATP synthesized?

Accepted Answer

Protons flow down their gradient through ATP synthase, driving phosphorylation of ADP

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 13

A poison that blocks the electron transport chain would most directly inhibit which process?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP

Question 14

Which step in cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 15

How many acetyl CoA molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It releases CO$$_2$$ and transfers electrons to NAD$$^+$$ and FAD

Question 17

In a patient with mitochondrial disease affecting ATP synthase, which process would be most impaired?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmotic production of ATP

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a possible fate of pyruvate after glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Conversion to glucose via gluconeogenesis

Question 19

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing ATP during chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 20

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which process will continue to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis coupled with fermentation

Cellular Respiration: Pathways and Processes

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