$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly represents the overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 2

During aerobic respiration, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized; oxygen is reduced.

Question 3

Which stage of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP, and where does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation; inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 4

If a cell starts with 2 molecules of glucose, how many net ATP molecules are produced from glycolysis alone?

Accepted Answer

4 ATP (2 per glucose, so 4 total)

Question 5

Which of the following statements about fermentation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not use oxygen and does not involve an electron transport chain.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between obligate and facultative anaerobes?

Accepted Answer

Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in the presence of oxygen; facultative anaerobes can use oxygen if it is present.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 8

What is the main role of the enzyme rubisco in the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide to RuBP, forming a 3-carbon compound.

Question 9

Which wavelengths of visible light are most effective for driving photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Red and blue

Question 10

Photorespiration is considered 'bad' for plants because:

Accepted Answer

It consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide without producing ATP or sugar.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes; gametes have one set.

Question 12

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors can metastasize to other parts of the body; benign tumors cannot.

Question 14

Why does chemotherapy often cause side effects such as hair loss and nausea?

Accepted Answer

It damages rapidly dividing cells, including healthy ones like hair follicles and cells lining the digestive tract.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce your risk of developing cancer?

Accepted Answer

Exposing yourself to known carcinogens

Question 16

Which process is thought to be the evolutionary precursor to mitosis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 17

A patient’s muscle cells are deprived of oxygen for a short period. Which process will allow them to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 18

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is most critical for preventing the division of cells with damaged DNA?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why C4 and CAM plants are more efficient than C3 plants in hot, dry environments?

Accepted Answer

They have adaptations that minimize water loss and reduce photorespiration.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of chemiosmosis in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It uses a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase.

Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis, and Cell Division: Exam 3 Study Guide

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