$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes what happens to glucose during the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized to form carbon dioxide, releasing electrons.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 4

Which molecule acts as an electron carrier by cycling between oxidized and reduced forms during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+, which is reduced to NADH

Question 5

During chemiosmosis in mitochondria, what is the direction of proton ($$\mathrm{H^+}) $$flow and what is the result?

Accepted Answer

Protons flow from the intermembrane space to the matrix, driving ATP synthesis.

Question 6

Which stage of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 7

What is the main difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient and ATP synthase.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes what is being reduced and what is being oxidized during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced.

Question 9

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

Which of the following correctly lists the stages of mitosis in order?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 11

Which of the following statements about cytokinesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms; in plant cells, a cell plate forms.

Question 12

At what specific stage during meiosis do cells become haploid?

Accepted Answer

After Telophase I

Question 13

During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase II

Question 14

What is crossing-over, and when does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I

Question 15

How many functional ovum (egg) cells and sperm cells are produced from one cell undergoing meiosis?

Accepted Answer

1 ovum, 4 sperm

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring; sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 18

Which structure within the chloroplast contains the components necessary for the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the G0 phase is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cells in G0 have exited the cell cycle and are not preparing to divide.

Question 20

If a cell starts with 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and after meiosis, respectively?

Accepted Answer

8 after mitosis; 4 after meiosis

Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis, and the Cell Cycle: Study Guide

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