Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves molecules against their gradient using energy, often ATP.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Allowing selective passage of ions such as Na$$^+$$ and K$$^+.$$

Question 3

A scientist discovers a cell that contains circular DNA, lacks membrane-bound organelles, and has a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Which statement correctly compares the protein synthesis process in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

In eukaryotes, ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins for export, while in prokaryotes, all protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 5

Which of the following organelles is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Which process is described by the equation $$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy} $$?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic cellular respiration

Question 7

Which of the following statements about ATP synthase is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and uses a proton gradient to produce ATP from ADP and $$ \mathrm{P_i} .$$

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and $$ \mathrm{P_i} $$

Question 9

Which statement best describes the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD$$^+ is $$reduced to NADH, which carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 10

During photosynthesis, which equation represents the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

$$ 2\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 2\,\mathrm{NADP^+} + 3\,\mathrm{ADP} + 3\,\mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow 2\,\mathrm{NADPH} + 2\,\mathrm{H^+} + 3\,\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{O_2$} $$

Question 11

Which of the following is true about endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It involves the engulfment of substances by the cell membrane to form vesicles.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing the chain to continue and ATP to be produced.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions require energy input.

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of Na$$^+/K$^+$$ ATPase pumps. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result from this defect?

Accepted Answer

Disrupted ion gradients, leading to problems with nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of oxidation in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons from a molecule, often accompanied by the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Krebs cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron transport chain

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and initial modification of proteins destined for secretion or membrane insertion

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, while chloroplasts produce glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis.

Cellular Transport, Cell Structure, and Metabolism: Study Guide Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard