Q: If two heterozygous parents (carriers) for a recessive genetic disorder have two children, what is the probability that both children will be affected by the disorder? (Assume independent assortment.)

$$ (\frac{1}{4}) \times (\frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{16} $$

Question 1

According to the Central Dogma of molecular biology, which of the following correctly describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$ \rightarrow $$ mRNA $$ \rightarrow $$ Protein

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer required to initiate synthesis of the new DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 3

In the replication fork diagram, which strand is synthesized continuously and in the same direction as the replication fork movement?

Accepted Answer

Leading strand

Question 4

Which of the following events occurs during Prophase I of meiosis but NOT during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair and crossing over occurs

Question 5

A cell is observed to have chromosomes lined up single file along the metaphase plate. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase of mitosis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of exons and introns during RNA processing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed and exons are spliced together to form mature mRNA

Question 7

During translation, which site on the ribosome does the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain occupy?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 8

If two heterozygous parents (carriers) for a recessive genetic disorder have two children, what is the probability that both children will be affected by the disorder? (Assume independent assortment.)

Accepted Answer

$$ (\frac{1}{4}) 	imes (\frac{1}{4}) = \frac{1}{16} $$

Question 9

Which of the following processes is responsible for most of the genetic variation observed in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I of meiosis

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

M phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 11

A DNA strand has the following sequence (5' - ATGCGTACG - 3'). What would be the sequence of the mRNA transcribed from this DNA template?

Accepted Answer

5' - AUGCGUACG - 3'

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joining Okazaki fragments together

Question 13

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of transcription factors in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins that bind to the promoter region to initiate transcription

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of mRNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

mRNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

They are short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why independent assortment increases genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

It results in random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I

Question 18

A mutation occurs in the promoter region of a gene, preventing transcription factors from binding. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The gene will not be transcribed

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 20

During translation, which type of RNA contains the anticodon that pairs with the codon on mRNA?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Central Dogma, Cell Division, and Genetic Variation: Study Notes for General Biology

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