Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of organic molecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which type of macromolecule monomer?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 3

Which functional group is always polar and can form hydrogen bonds, thus increasing the solubility of organic compounds in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers by removing a molecule of water

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct formula for a hexose sugar?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 6

What is the main structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms; saturated do not

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals, while starch can?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages, which most animals lack enzymes to break

Question 8

A phospholipid molecule is described as amphipathic. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is added to break a bond between two monomers

Question 10

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of fats in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing energy for long-term use

Question 13

A peptide bond is formed between which two functional groups of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group and carboxyl group

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their double bonds create kinks, preventing tight packing of molecules

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a class of macromolecule found in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Steroids

Question 16

Which chemical reaction summarizes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP + H_2O \rightarrow ADP + P_i + energy$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 18

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have two hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is a single subunit that can be joined to form a polymer, which is a chain of monomers

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of functional groups in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They determine the physical and chemical properties of molecules

Chapter 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life – Study Notes

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