Question 1

Which scientist coined the term 'cell' after observing cork under a microscope in 1665?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 2

What is the main difference between the microscopes used by Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek?

Accepted Answer

Hooke used a compound microscope to view dead cells, while Leeuwenhoek used a simple microscope with better lenses to observe living cells.

Question 3

Which statement is NOT part of the modern cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

Question 4

Why are most cells microscopic rather than large?

Accepted Answer

Because transport distance within the cell increases with size, making exchange of materials less efficient.

Question 5

A cell has a surface area of $$100 \mathrm{\mu m}^2$$ and a volume of $$50 \mathrm{\mu m}^3. $$What is its surface-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$2 \mathrm{\mu m}^{-1}$$

Question 6

Which type of microscope would be best for observing the changes in shape of a living human white blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Light microscope

Question 7

Which structure is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of alcohol in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a nucleoid region, a cell wall, and pili. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 10

Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration and is found in greater numbers in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They have double membranes, their own DNA and ribosomes, and reproduce independently.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for export

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 14

Which cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one animal cell to another?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 15

A genetic disorder causes lysosomes to lack a functioning hydrolytic enzyme. What is the most likely cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes will be engorged with undigested material.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins (fluid-mosaic model)

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 19

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal component is intermediate in size and helps anchor organelles within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Chapter 4: The Cell – Historical Foundations and Key Figures in Cell Biology

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