Q: Which of the following is a correct description of the flow of genetic information in a cell?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not made from repeating monomer subunits and do not form long chains through covalent bonds like other macromolecules.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the synthesis of which of the following biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch has $$\alpha$$ glycosidic linkages, making it helical, while cellulose has $$\beta$$ glycosidic linkages, making it straight and unbranched.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, releasing $$H_2O.$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cellulose passes through the human digestive tract as insoluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes that can hydrolyze the $$\beta$$ glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that results in a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 7

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in water.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 10

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$. Which class of biological molecule does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The presence of cis double bonds causes kinks in the fatty acid chains, preventing tight packing.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing hereditary information

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix with two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 15

A mutation causes a protein to lose its tertiary structure but not its primary structure. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be denatured and lose its function.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the major function of adipose tissue in mammals?

Accepted Answer

It stores long-term energy reserves as triacylglycerols.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids contain both an amino group ($$-NH_2$) and a carboxyl group (-$$COOH$$) attached to a central carbon.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of chitin in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Chitin provides structural support in the exoskeletons of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a change in pH can denature a protein?

Accepted Answer

A change in pH disrupts hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and other interactions that maintain the protein's tertiary structure.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a phosphodiester linkage?

Accepted Answer

A bond that joins the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of another nucleotide in nucleic acids.

Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard