$$1 \mathrm{cal} = \text{energy required to raise the temperature of } 1 \mathrm{g} \text{ of water by } 1^\circ \mathrm{C}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the law of conservation of energy?

Accepted Answer

Energy can only be converted from one form to another; it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 2

A person climbs a ladder and then jumps off into a pool. Which energy transformations occur during this process?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy as the person falls.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

The energy stored in the bonds of glucose molecules.

Question 4

During cellular respiration, what percentage of energy from food is typically converted to useful work in humans?

Accepted Answer

34%

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the definition of a calorie?

Accepted Answer

$$1 \mathrm{cal} = 	ext{energy required to raise the temperature of } 1 \mathrm{g} 	ext{ of water by } 1^\circ \mathrm{C}$$

Question 6

ATP is often described as the cell's energy currency. Which process directly regenerates ATP from ADP and phosphate?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 7

Which of the following best explains how ATP powers cellular work?

Accepted Answer

By transferring a phosphate group to another molecule, thereby energizing it.

Question 8

A muscle cell uses ATP to contract. What happens to the ATP molecule during this process?

Accepted Answer

It is converted into ADP and a phosphate group, releasing energy.

Question 9

Which statement about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 10

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 12

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins to move substances across the membrane.

Question 13

Osmosis is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 14

An animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Gain water and possibly burst.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes active transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy, usually from ATP.

Question 16

Which process allows a cell to export large molecules, such as proteins, out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 17

A plant cell in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating transport of substances across the membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about entropy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Entropy is a measure of disorder, and it increases with energy conversions.

Question 20

A cell uses endocytosis to engulf a bacterium. Which type of endocytosis is this?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Chapter 5: The Working Cell – Energy, Enzymes, and Membrane Function

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