Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells cannot grow indefinitely large in size?

Accepted Answer

The surface area to volume ratio decreases as a cell grows, limiting the efficiency of nutrient uptake and waste removal.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a single-celled organism with DNA located in a nucleoid region and no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this organism most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the assembly of ribosome subunits?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 4

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Producing and exporting large amounts of proteins

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a secretory cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 6

A patient with a genetic disorder is unable to break down certain fatty acids, leading to toxic accumulation in the liver. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the surface area ($$SA) $$and volume ($$V) of a $$cube with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 6l^2$, V$$ = $$l^3$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why liver cells in chronic alcohol users have an increased amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER helps detoxify drugs and alcohol, so its abundance increases to handle higher toxin levels.

Question 9

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional dynein proteins. Which cellular structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cilia and flagella

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and facilitating organelle movement

Question 11

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which organelle helps prevent the cell from bursting, and how?

Accepted Answer

The central vacuole absorbs water and the cell wall provides structural support to prevent bursting.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the main difference between free ribosomes and ribosomes bound to the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins that remain in the cytosol, while rough ER ribosomes synthesize proteins for export or for membranes.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the role of lysosomes in immune cells such as macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes digest engulfed pathogens and cellular debris through hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 14

A mutation disrupts the formation of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Leakage of materials between cells, compromising the barrier function of the intestine.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP through aerobic respiration.

Question 16

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 17

A researcher observes that vesicles are transported along microtubules in a cell. Which motor protein is most likely responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Kinesin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of microtubules in a typical eukaryotic flagellum?

Accepted Answer

Nine doublets of microtubules arranged in a ring around two central single microtubules (9+2 arrangement)

Question 19

Gap junctions in animal cells are functionally analogous to which structure in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell – General Biology Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard