$$\text{Surface Area} \propto n^2$, $$\text{Volume} \propto $$n^3$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

A high surface area to volume ratio allows efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 2

A scientist wants to study the internal structure of mitochondria at the highest possible resolution. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those in bacteria.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between surface area and volume as a cell grows in size?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Surface Area} \propto n^2$, $$	ext{Volume} \propto $$n^3$$

Question 6

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 7

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional dynein proteins. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxification reactions and lipid synthesis in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

During cell fractionation, which organelle would be found in the pellet after centrifuging at the highest speed?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments provide structural stability and are more permanent than microtubules.

Question 11

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which organelle helps maintain turgor pressure and prevents the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and influences gene activity.

Question 13

Which organelle is most likely to be abundant in pancreatic cells that secrete digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They carry out metabolic reactions that produce and break down hydrogen peroxide.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 16

Which process is most directly responsible for the movement of vesicles from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Transport along microtubules by motor proteins

Question 17

Which of the following statements about plant and animal cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells lack a central vacuole, while plant cells possess one.

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a nucleoid region, circular DNA, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear pores?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the entry and exit of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of microfilament function?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction in humans

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell – General Biology Study Notes

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