Question 1

Which statement best describes the second law of thermodynamics as it applies to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.

Question 2

Cellular respiration is an example of which type of metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathway

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the change in free energy for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 4

A reaction with $$\Delta G \u003c 0 is $$best described as:

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous and exergonic

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a form of kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy

Question 6

Why are complex molecules like glucose considered high in chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Their electrons are arranged in bonds that release energy when broken.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains how ATP hydrolysis powers cellular work?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis is coupled to endergonic reactions, providing energy to drive them.

Question 8

In a metabolic pathway, what is the role of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They speed up specific reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about open systems in biology?

Accepted Answer

Living organisms are open systems that absorb energy and release waste.

Question 10

Photosynthesis is classified as which type of reaction?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic and anabolic

Question 11

A scientist measures the $$\Delta G$$ for a reaction and finds it to be $$+12$$ kcal/mol. What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is nonspontaneous and requires energy input.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of energy coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

Using the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to drive the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

Question 13

Which process is considered 'downhill' in terms of energy flow?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 14

What is the primary reason that heat is considered the least useful form of energy for living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Heat energy increases the entropy and is not available to do work.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the ATP cycle in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP is synthesized from ADP and Pi using energy from catabolic reactions, and hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi to power cellular work.

Question 16

If a reaction has $$\Delta G = -686$$ kcal/mol, what does this tell you about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is exergonic and releases free energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but not created or destroyed.

Question 18

A metabolic pathway that builds complex molecules from simpler ones is called:

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathway

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the relationship between free energy and stability?

Accepted Answer

A system with lower free energy is more stable.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of an open system in biology?

Accepted Answer

A living plant absorbing sunlight and releasing oxygen.

Introduction to Metabolism Pt. 1

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