Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes, while gametes are haploid, containing one set.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A researcher observes a cell with condensed chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, with spindle fibers attached to kinetochores. Which phase is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the mitotic spindle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of microtubules that originate from centrosomes and attach to kinetochores.

Question 5

A mutation in the p53 gene is most likely to result in which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division due to failure of cell cycle checkpoints

Question 6

Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before the cell proceeds with division?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase checkpoint

Question 7

In plants, cytokinesis is accomplished by the formation of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Cell plate

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They bypass cell cycle checkpoints and divide uncontrollably.

Question 9

A cell with three or more complete sets of chromosomes is described as:

Accepted Answer

Polyploid

Question 10

Which of the following events distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Pairing and crossing over of homologous chromosomes

Question 11

If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will enter a non-dividing state called G0.

Question 12

Which protein complex holds sister chromatids together after DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Cohesin proteins

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor. Which of the following characteristics is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

The tumor cells can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of proto-oncogenes in normal cells?

Accepted Answer

They promote normal cell growth and division.

Question 15

Which process is used by prokaryotic cells to divide and reproduce?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 16

A scientist observes a cell with a visible contractile ring and a deepening cleavage furrow. Which stage of cell division is this cell undergoing?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis in an animal cell

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of angiogenesis in cancer progression?

Accepted Answer

Tumors develop their own blood supply, supporting further growth.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why radiation therapy is effective against cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

It damages DNA in rapidly dividing cells, leading to cell death.

Question 19

If a cell has 8 chromosomes at the start of G1, how many chromatids will be present after the S phase?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$

Question 20

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.

Chapter 9: The Cell Cycle and Cell Division – Key Terms and Concepts

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard