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Comprehensive Study Guide for General Biology

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Introduction to Biology

  • Unicellular vs. Multicellular
    02:09
  • Introduction to Biology
    02:54
  • Introduction to Biology Channel
    1:28

Characteristics of Life

  • Characteristics of Life
    09:26
  • Characteristics of Life Example 1
    02:59

Scientific Method

  • Scientific Method Example 1
    01:35
  • Basic Theories of Biology
    03:03
  • Scientific Method
    06:29

Atoms - Smallest Unit of Matter

  • Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter Example 1
    02:13
  • Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter Example 3
    03:51
  • Electron Orbitals & Energy Shells
    09:44

Isotopes

  • Isotopes
    06:50
  • Radioactive Isotopes
    02:37

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

  • Introduction to Chemical Bonding Example 1
    1:59
  • Intramolecular vs. Intermolecular Bonds
    03:53
  • Map of the Lesson on Chemical Bonding
    02:42

Covalent Bonds

  • Covalent Bonds
    04:28
  • Polar Covalent Bonds
    06:59
  • Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
    06:41

Ionic Bonding

  • Ions: Anions vs. Cations
    04:34
  • Ionic Bonds
    06:07

Hydrogen Bonding

  • Hydrogen Bonding
    05:03

Introduction to Water

  • Introduction to Water
    01:54
  • Introduction to Water Example 1
    01:51
  • Emergent Properties of Water
    01:29

Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion

  • Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion Example 1
    01:46
  • Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion
    04:16

Properties of Water- Density

  • Density of Liquid Water vs. Solid Ice
    05:43
  • Properties of Water- Density Example 1
    02:13

Properties of Water- Thermal

  • Properties of Water- Thermal
    04:07
  • Water’s High Specific Heat
    03:25
  • Water’s High Heat of Vaporization
    03:31

Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent

  • Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent
    06:20
  • Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic
    03:43
  • Homogenous vs. Heterogenous Solutions
    02:19

Acids and Bases

  • Acids
    02:45
  • Acids and Bases
    01:29
  • Bases
    03:48

pH Scale

  • Buffers
    05:38
  • pH Scale
    11:05

Carbon

  • Carbon is an Excellent Building Block
    03:35
  • Carbon
    04:19

Functional Groups

  • Functional Groups Example 1
    02:00
  • Functional Groups
    06:04

Introduction to Biomolecules

  • Introduction to Biomolecules
    01:17
  • Map of the Lesson on Biomolecules
    01:29

Monomers & Polymers

  • Building & Breaking-Down Polymers
    04:19
  • Monomers & Polymers
    03:42

Carbohydrates

  • Formation & Breakdown of Polysaccharides
    03:08
  • Carbohydrates
    04:53
  • Carbohydrate Functions
    05:08

Proteins

  • Protein Structure
    08:02
  • Amino Acids
    04:37
  • Proteins
    02:50

Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic Acids Example 2
    01:05
  • Formation & Breakdown of Nucleic Acids
    04:07
  • DNA vs. RNA
    05:57

Lipids

  • Steroids & Waxes
    03:30
  • Lipids
    04:19
  • Fatty Acids
    06:59

Introduction to Energy

  • Thermodynamics: System vs. Surroundings
    04:21
  • Introduction to Energy
    04:58

Redox Reactions

  • Redox Reactions Example 1
    01:44
  • Electron Carriers: NADH & FADH2
    05:22
  • Redox Reactions
    04:47

Introduction to Aerobic Cellular Respiration

  • Introduction to Cellular Respiration Example 2
    01:53
  • Aerobic Cellular Respiration is a Redox Reaction
    04:18
  • Stages of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
    02:31

Glycolysis

  • Phases of Glycolysis
    06:20
  • Glycolysis Example 1
    01:29
  • Remembering Phases of Glycolysis
    02:49

Pyruvate Oxidation

  • Pyruvate Oxidation
    04:38

Krebs Cycle

  • Krebs Cycle Example 1
    01:20
  • Krebs Cycle
    01:37
  • Phases of The Krebs Cycle
    09:54

Electron Transport Chain

  • Remembering the ETC
    04:43
  • Electron Transport Chain
    07:41

Chemiosmosis

  • Chemiosmosis
    05:01

Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

  • Lactic Acid Fermentation
    03:34
  • What Happens to Aerobic Organisms if There's No Oxygen?
    07:51
  • Alcohol Fermentation
    02:02

Introduction to Photosynthesis

  • Introduction to Photosynthesis
    03:32
  • Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
    07:55
  • Photosynthesis is a Redox Reaction
    03:20

Leaf & Chloroplast Anatomy

  • Leaf & Chloroplast Anatomy
    08:18

Pigments of Photosynthesis

  • Pigments of Photosynthesis
    05:58
  • Introduction to Photosystems
    04:59
  • Absorption Spectrum of Photosynthesis
    02:52

Stages of Photosynthesis

  • Stages of Photosynthesis
    03:16
  • Map of the Lesson on Photosynthesis
    02:41

Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

  • Light Reactions of Photosynthesis Example 1
    01:48
  • Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
    04:06
  • Steps of the Light Reactions
    15:15

Calvin Cycle

  • 3 Phases of the Calvin Cycle (C3 Pathway)
    10:58
  • Calvin Cycle
    03:42

C3, C4 & CAM Plants

  • C3, C4 & CAM Plants
    04:34
  • Comparing 3 Types of Photosynthetic Plants
    14:52

Review of Photosynthesis

  • Recap Map of Photosynthesis
    08:50
  • Review of Photosynthesis Example 1
    02:06

Introduction to DNA Replication

  • Unwinding the DNA: Topoisomerase, Helicase & SSBs
    05:10
  • Components of DNA Replication
    04:47
  • Origin of Replication
    03:33

DNA Polymerases

  • DNA Polymerase Requirements
    05:03
  • DNA Polymerases
    04:01

Leading & Lagging DNA Strands

  • Leading & Lagging DNA Strands
    05:15

Steps of DNA Replication

  • Steps of DNA Replication
    09:29

DNA Repair

  • DNA Repair
    03:20
  • DNA Proofreading & Repair Enzymes
    02:12

Telomeres

  • Telomeres
    04:25

Central Dogma

  • Central Dogma
    05:45

Introduction to Transcription

  • Overview of Transcription
    07:44
  • Introduction to Transcription
    05:51

Steps of Transcription

  • 3) Termination of Transcription
    02:44
  • 1) Initiation of Transcription
    04:16
  • 2) Elongation of Transcription
    04:01

Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing

  • Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing
    02:32
  • 2) RNA Splicing Creates Mature mRNA
    08:44
  • 1) RNA Processing
    04:19

Introduction to Types of RNA

  • Introduction to Types of RNA
    07:20

Genetic Code

  • How to Use the Genetic Code
    11:39
  • Genetic Code
    01:28

Introduction to Translation

  • Ribosomal tRNA Binding Sites
    06:16
  • Ribosome Subunits
    08:42
  • Introduction to Translation
    06:12

Steps of Translation

  • 2) Elongation of Translation
    04:59
  • 3) Termination of Translation
    02:16
  • 1) Initiation of Translation
    05:03

Post-Translational Modification

  • Post-Translational Modification
    04:26

Mutations

  • Mutations
    02:29
  • Types of Mutations
    08:44

Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression

  • Positive vs Negative Gene Regulation
    02:17
  • Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression
    06:40

Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons

  • Inducible Operons
    04:25
  • Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons
    00:53
  • Repressible Operons
    03:42

The Lac Operon

  • In the Absence of Lactose
    04:34
  • The Lac Operon
    07:06
  • In the Presence of Lactose
    03:56

Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon

  • Positive Control by cAMP & CRP
    08:32
  • Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon Example 1
    06:20
  • GlucoseLevels, cAMP, & the Lac Operon
    05:58

The Trp Operon

  • In the Presence of Tryptophan
    03:11
  • The Trp Operon
    05:30
  • In the Absence of Tryptophan
    03:42

Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon

  • Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon
    06:24

Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

  • Map of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
    04:22
  • Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
    03:47

Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications

  • Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications
    03:55
  • Histone Acetylation
    04:14
  • DNA Methylation
    03:39

Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control

  • Introduction to Transcription Factors
    03:32
  • General Transcription Factors
    03:51
  • Specific Transcription Factors
    03:57

Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation

  • Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation
    01:56
  • 3) RNA Interference
    04:16
  • 1) Alternative RNA Splicing
    05:17

Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation

  • Protein Ubiquitination
    02:45
  • Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation
    03:55

Viruses

  • Virus Structure
    04:50
  • Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
    08:04
  • Viroids and Prions
    04:22