Question 1

Which statement best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down complex molecules to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true about energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy is transferred and transformed, but the total amount remains constant.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy and has a negative $$\Delta G.$$

Question 5

ATP is often described as the 'energy currency' of the cell. Which process directly uses ATP to transport molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

A competitive inhibitor affects enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 7

Which molecule is reduced during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 8

During glycolysis, what is the net production of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 9

Which process occurs in the mitochondria and produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 10

In lactic acid fermentation, which molecule is regenerated to allow glycolysis to continue?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 11

Which of the following is a product of alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 12

Which enzyme complex is responsible for ATP synthesis in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 13

Which process in photosynthesis is most directly driven by light energy?

Accepted Answer

Light reactions (photophosphorylation)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron acceptor, becoming reduced to NADH.

Question 15

Which statement correctly compares autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs use light or inorganic chemicals to produce organic molecules, while heterotrophs rely on consuming organic molecules.

Question 16

Which step in cellular respiration produces the most NADH per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)

Question 17

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which process will continue to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis followed by fermentation

Question 18

Which molecule is the primary electron donor in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 19

Which process is most similar to photophosphorylation in terms of mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a metabolic disorder that prevents the regeneration of NAD+ during fermentation. What is the most likely consequence for their cells under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis will stop due to lack of NAD+.

Exam 3 Core Concepts in General Biology: Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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