Question 1

Which of the following is a derived trait that separates Archaea from Bacteria, according to the phylogenetic tree shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Methionine initiator for protein synthesis

Question 2

What is the main structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as shown in the diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane

Question 3

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic flagella is correct based on the structural diagram provided?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic flagella are powered by a motor embedded in the cell wall and plasma membrane

Question 4

Which process allows a prokaryote to acquire new genetic material from its environment, potentially leading to antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 5

Based on the timeline of antibiotic discovery and resistance, what is the most likely explanation for the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

High rates of mutation and genetic recombination in bacteria

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that distinguishes Archaea from Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nuclear envelope

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the genetic material of most prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Circular chromosomes without histones (in most bacteria)

Question 8

Which of the following is a unique feature of Archaeal cell walls compared to Bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Chemically distinct composition lacking peptidoglycan

Question 9

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with a circular chromosome, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall lacking peptidoglycan. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the kingdom Protista is not considered a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

Protists include all eukaryotes except plants, animals, and fungi, making them a paraphyletic group

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a protist supergroup and a defining feature?

Accepted Answer

SAR – defined by DNA similarities among stramenopiles, alveolates, and rhizarians

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the nutritional diversity found among protists?

Accepted Answer

Protists can be autotrophic, heterotrophic, or mixotrophic

Question 13

Which process in prokaryotes involves the transfer of DNA from one cell to another via a pilus?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of metabolic cooperation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Cyanobacteria forming filaments with specialized cells for nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotes can evolve rapidly in response to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

They reproduce asexually by binary fission, allowing for rapid population growth and accumulation of mutations

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the alternation of generations life cycle found in some protists?

Accepted Answer

Both haploid and diploid stages are multicellular

Question 17

A patient is infected with a bacterium that is resistant to multiple antibiotics. Which genetic process most likely contributed to the rapid spread of resistance genes among bacterial populations?

Accepted Answer

Genetic recombination through transformation, transduction, or conjugation

Question 18

Which of the following is a feature shared by all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya)?

Accepted Answer

Use of DNA as genetic material

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They often carry genes that confer advantages such as antibiotic resistance

Diversity and Evolution of Prokaryotes and Protists (Chapters 27 & 28)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard