Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 2

During translation initiation in eukaryotes, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Initiation complex forms at the cap, scans for AUG, large ribosomal subunit joins, peptide bond forms

Question 3

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein

Question 5

If a cell has 2n = 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 6

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes aligning in a single file along the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

A cell undergoes a point mutation that changes a codon but does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 8

Which process increases genetic diversity by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous recombination (crossing over)

Question 9

According to Mendel's Law of Segregation, when do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I of meiosis

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction leads to greater genetic diversity than asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It involves crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization

Question 11

A protein is synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and is destined to be inserted into the plasma membrane. Which pathway does it most likely follow?

Accepted Answer

RER → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane

Question 12

If a diploid organism (2n = 8) undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They have the same genes in the same locations but may have different alleles

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a property of amphipathic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are entirely hydrophobic

Question 15

A cell with genotype AaBb produces gametes. According to the law of independent assortment, what is the expected ratio of gamete types (AB, Ab, aB, ab)?

Accepted Answer

$$1:1:1:1$$

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Question 17

A frameshift mutation is most likely to result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide

Question 18

Which of the following best describes gene expression?

Accepted Answer

The process by which instructions in DNA are converted into a functional product

Question 19

If a mutation in a gene changes the amino acid sequence of a protein, but the protein still functions normally, what is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The mutation is a missense mutation that does not affect protein function

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the outcome of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It produces two genetically identical diploid cells

DNA Replication, Gene Expression, Cell Cycle, and Mendelian Genetics

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