Question 1

Which of the following was a primary reason early scientists believed proteins, rather than DNA, were the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have a greater variety of amino acids, allowing for more combinations than DNA's four nucleotides.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a molecule to be considered the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

It must be able to catalyze metabolic reactions.

Question 3

Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction images provided evidence for which structural feature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The double helix shape of DNA

Question 4

In the Watson and Crick model of DNA, which of the following statements is correct regarding base pairing?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine via hydrogen bonds, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Question 5

What does it mean that DNA replication is 'semi-conservative'?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 6

During DNA replication in eukaryotes, what is the function of DNA helicase?

Accepted Answer

It unwinds and unzips the DNA double helix.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments.

Question 8

In prokaryotic DNA replication, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Replication begins at a single origin and proceeds in both directions around the circular DNA.

Question 9

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 10

A mutation occurs during DNA replication, resulting in a single base substitution. Which property of DNA allows for the possibility of this mutation being passed to future generations?

Accepted Answer

DNA can undergo mutations that are heritable.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the redundancy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

More than one codon can specify the same amino acid.

Question 12

Which codon always signals the start of translation and codes for methionine?

Accepted Answer

$$AUG$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct comparison between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 14

A scientist is studying a newly discovered organism and finds that its genetic material is single-stranded, contains uracil, and has a ribose sugar. Which type of nucleic acid is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 15

During gene expression, what is the correct sequence of events from DNA to protein?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 16

Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 17

A mutation in the gene encoding DNA polymerase reduces its proofreading ability. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

An increased rate of mutations during DNA replication

Question 18

Which of the following statements about codons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each codon consists of three nucleotides and specifies a single amino acid.

Question 19

If a eukaryotic cell is exposed to a chemical that inhibits the formation of replication bubbles, what would be the most immediate effect on DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication would be significantly slowed or halted, as multiple origins of replication are required.

Question 20

A patient is found to have a genetic disorder caused by a single base change in a gene. Which process most likely failed to correct this error during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Proofreading by DNA polymerase

DNA Structure, Replication, and Gene Expression: Study Notes for General Biology

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