Question 1

Which of the following best describes a Fixed Action Pattern (FAP) in animal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of innate behaviors triggered by a specific sign stimulus.

Question 2

A young duckling follows the first moving object it sees after hatching. This is an example of which behavioral phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Imprinting

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of associative learning in animals?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivating when it hears a bell that has been repeatedly paired with food.

Question 4

Which mating system is characterized by one female mating with multiple males?

Accepted Answer

Polyandry

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the concept of a 'niche' in ecology?

Accepted Answer

The role and position a species has in its environment, including all its interactions.

Question 6

A population of rabbits grows according to the logistic growth model. Which equation best represents this model?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{dN}{dt} = rN \left(1 - \frac{N}{K}\right)$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a biotic factor that can influence the distribution of a species?

Accepted Answer

Predation

Question 8

In a food chain, which trophic level typically has the greatest biomass?

Accepted Answer

Primary producers

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of Müllerian mimicry?

Accepted Answer

Two unpalatable butterfly species evolving similar warning coloration.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the competitive exclusion principle?

Accepted Answer

Two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely in the same habitat.

Question 11

Which of the following is a density-dependent factor that can regulate population size?

Accepted Answer

Disease

Question 12

Which survivorship curve (Type I, II, or III) is typical of species that produce few offspring but provide significant parental care?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct effect of nutrient enrichment in aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Eutrophication leading to algal blooms

Question 14

Which of the following is a likely consequence of ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Increased rates of skin cancer in humans

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a keystone species?

Accepted Answer

A species whose impact on its community is disproportionately large relative to its abundance.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

Accepted Answer

Colonization of bare rock after a volcanic eruption.

Question 17

Which of the following is a method used in conservation biology to increase genetic diversity in small populations?

Accepted Answer

Translocation of individuals between populations

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of producers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They convert inorganic molecules into organic matter using energy from the sun.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a biogeochemical cycle affected by human activity?

Accepted Answer

Increased nitrogen runoff from agriculture causing dead zones in aquatic systems.

Question 20

A population of fish in a lake is estimated using the mark-recapture method. If 50 fish are marked and released, and later 40 fish are caught with 10 marked, what is the estimated population size $$N$$? (Use $$N = \frac{(number\ marked\ first\ catch) 	imes (total\ second\ catch)}{number\ marked\ recaptured})$$

Accepted Answer

$$N = \frac{50 	imes 40}{10} = 200$$

Ecology and Behavioral Biology: Key Concepts and Study Guide

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