$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{Energy (ATP)}$$

$$6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{Light} \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in chemical bonds, while kinetic energy is the energy of movement, such as muscle contraction.

Question 2

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, which statement is correct regarding energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an endergonic reaction in cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis, because it requires energy input to build glucose.

Question 5

What is the main function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for cellular work, such as movement, transport, and synthesis.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains how enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Question 7

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 8

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 9

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis

Question 10

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 11

In photosynthesis, where are the light-dependent reactions located?

Accepted Answer

In the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{Light} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 13

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll

Question 14

What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose (or G3P, a sugar)

Question 15

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.

Question 16

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which process will continue to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis followed by fermentation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of Rubisco in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin Cycle.

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing substrate concentration up to a certain point

Question 19

Why does burning fossil fuels contribute to global warming, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

It adds $$\mathrm{CO_2$} to $$the atmosphere, which increases the greenhouse effect.

Energy, Enzymes, Metabolism, and Photosynthesis: General Biology Study Notes

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