$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy, such as in chemical bonds, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as muscle contraction.

Question 2

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an endergonic reaction in cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis, where energy is absorbed to build glucose molecules.

Question 5

What is the main function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for cellular work by transferring a phosphate group.

Question 6

Which statement best explains why enzymes are necessary for biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions, allowing them to occur at body temperature.

Question 7

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and blocking substrate binding.

Question 8

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 9

Which process directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 10

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{O_2$} ($$oxygen)

Question 11

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis uses $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$, water, and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen.

Question 12

Where in the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

In the thylakoid membranes

Question 13

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll

Question 14

What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They carry electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Question 16

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which process will it rely on to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic fermentation

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the effect of burning fossil fuels on photosynthesis and climate change?

Accepted Answer

Burning fuels adds $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$, which increases the greenhouse effect and slows photosynthesis.

Question 18

Which phase of the Calvin Cycle involves the enzyme Rubisco?

Accepted Answer

Carbon fixation

Question 19

A scientist measures the rate of photosynthesis in a plant and finds it decreases when stomata are closed. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Closing stomata reduces $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ intake, limiting photosynthesis.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The movement of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions across a membrane to drive ATP synthesis.

Energy, Enzymes, Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica