Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy barrier, allowing reactions to proceed faster.

Question 2

A patient has a genetic mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of an enzyme. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme's active site shape may change, reducing its specificity for its substrate.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 4

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and ATP synthase

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 6

A marathon runner is sprinting at the end of a race and her muscles are low on oxygen. Which process is primarily providing her with ATP at this moment?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation producing lactic acid

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why males generally have a higher basal metabolic rate (BMR) than females?

Accepted Answer

Males have more muscle mass, which requires more energy to maintain.

Question 8

Which step of cellular respiration does NOT require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 9

A person is on a low-carbohydrate diet and their body begins to use fats and proteins for energy. What must happen to proteins before they can be used in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Their amino groups are removed, and the remaining carbon skeletons enter the citric acid cycle.

Question 10

Which of the following is a health consequence associated with both anorexia and bulimia?

Accepted Answer

Amenorrhea (loss of menstrual cycle)

Question 11

Why might a very fit athlete have a BMI in the 'overweight' category?

Accepted Answer

BMI tables do not distinguish between lean muscle mass and body fat.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It transports electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Question 13

What is the main reason extreme dieting and exercise can slow down weight loss over time?

Accepted Answer

They cause the body to use calories more efficiently, lowering metabolic rate.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the metabolism of nutrients in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Both carbohydrates and fats can be metabolized by mitochondria.

Question 15

During the electron transport chain, what is the role of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why lactic acid builds up in muscles during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is limited, so cells rely on fermentation to regenerate NAD+.

Question 17

A person with a BMI less than 19 is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Underweight

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the induced fit model of enzyme action?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape after the substrate binds, stressing substrate bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of protons flowing through ATP synthase in the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Blood type

Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard