Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication, as shown in the replication fork diagram?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, as indicated in the cell cycle diagram?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

In the process of RNA splicing, which sequences are removed from the pre-mRNA before it exits the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Introns

Question 4

Which site on the ribosome is responsible for holding the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain during translation?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 5

If two heterozygous parents (carriers) for a recessive disease have a child, what is the probability that their next two children will both be affected by the disease? Use $$P = (1/4) 	imes (1/4).$$

Accepted Answer

$$1/16$$

Question 6

Which of the following events contributes most to genetic variation during meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 7

Which strand serves as the template for mRNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The strand running 3' to 5' from the promoter

Question 8

What is the main function of the Okazaki fragments shown in the replication fork diagram?

Accepted Answer

They are short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes

Question 10

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I

Question 12

Which molecule contains the anticodon that pairs with the mRNA codon during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic variation among gametes

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the central dogma is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into protein

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 16

What is the role of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joins Okazaki fragments together

Question 17

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for cell growth and preparation for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously

Question 19

Which of the following is true about exons and introns in eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

Exons remain in the mature mRNA and exit the nucleus

Question 20

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Essential Concepts in Cell Division, Central Dogma, and Genetic Variation

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