Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication, as shown in the replication fork diagram?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 2

During the cell cycle, which phase is primarily responsible for DNA replication, and what is the ploidy of the cell after this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; diploid with duplicated chromosomes

Question 3

In the process of RNA splicing, which regions are removed from the pre-mRNA, and which regions exit the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed; exons exit the nucleus

Question 4

Which site on the ribosome is responsible for ejecting tRNA during translation, as shown in the translation diagram?

Accepted Answer

E site

Question 5

If two phenotypically normal parents (carriers for a recessive disease) have a child, what is the probability that their next two children will both be affected by the disease? Use $$P = (\frac{1}{4})^2$.

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 6

Which of the following events occurs during Prophase I of meiosis but NOT during Prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs

Question 7

What is the directionality of the template strand used for transcription, given a promoter region at the 5' end?

Accepted Answer

3' to 5'

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 9

During DNA replication, which strand is synthesized continuously, and in which direction does it grow?

Accepted Answer

Leading strand; 5' to 3'

Question 10

Which law of Mendel explains the random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 11

Which biomolecule makes up promoter sequences, and which makes up transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

Promoter sequences: nucleic acids; Transcription factors: proteins

Question 12

During the cell cycle, what is the main function of the G2 phase?

Accepted Answer

Preparation for mitosis

Question 13

Which strand serves as the template for mRNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Template strand

Question 14

What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joins Okazaki fragments together

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the ploidy of cells after meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Cells are haploid with single chromosomes

Question 16

Which RNA molecule contains the anticodon that pairs with the mRNA codon during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 17

Which event is unique to meiosis and contributes most to genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during Prophase I

Question 18

What is the main purpose of the M phase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cell division

Question 19

Which step in mitosis involves the chromosomes lining up in the middle of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 20

During DNA replication, what is the function of helicase?

Accepted Answer

Unwinds the DNA double helix

Essential Concepts in Molecular Genetics and Cell Division

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