Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication, as shown in the replication fork diagram?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, as indicated in the cell cycle diagram?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

In the process of RNA splicing, which segments are removed from the pre-mRNA before it exits the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Introns

Question 4

Which site on the ribosome is responsible for holding the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain during translation?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 5

If two heterozygous parents (carriers) for a recessive disease have a child, what is the probability that their next two children will both be affected by the disease? (Assume independent assortment.)

Accepted Answer

$$\left(\frac{1}{4}\$$right)^2$$ = \frac{1}{16}$$

Question 6

Which of the following events contributes most to genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 7

Which strand serves as the template for mRNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The strand running 3' to 5' from the promoter

Question 8

What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 10

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the central dogma is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into protein

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the direction in which the new DNA strand is synthesized?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 13

Which of the following is true about Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

They are synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand

Question 14

Which of the following is a protein involved in the regulation of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factor

Question 15

What is the role of the E site in the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

It is where the tRNA exits the ribosome

Question 16

Which law explains why alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a step in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 18

If a cell has 8 chromosomes before S phase, how many chromosomes and chromatids will it have after S phase but before mitosis?

Accepted Answer

8 chromosomes and 16 chromatids

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the movement of mRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It moves from 5' to 3'

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

Replication → Transcription → Translation

Essential Concepts in Molecular Genetics and Cell Division

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