Q: Given a population of 100 flowers, with 60 red (CRCR), 30 pink (CRCW), and 10 white (CWCW), what is the frequency of the CR allele?

$$\frac{(60 \times 2) + (30 \times 1)}{200} = \frac{150}{200} = 0.75$$

Question 1

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a source of genetic variation in populations?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 2

In most multicellular organisms, which mutations are heritable and can contribute to evolution?

Accepted Answer

Mutations in cells that produce gametes

Question 3

A point mutation is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A change in a single base pair in DNA

Question 4

Which type of mutation is most likely to be neutral in its effect on an organism?

Accepted Answer

A silent mutation in a coding region

Question 5

Why do mutations accumulate more quickly in prokaryotes than in multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes have shorter generation times

Question 6

Which of the following best describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A random fluctuation in allele frequencies, especially in small populations

Question 7

The founder effect is most likely to occur when:

Accepted Answer

A few individuals become isolated from a larger population and establish a new population

Question 8

Which of the following is a consequence of the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A gene pool that may no longer reflect the original population’s genetic makeup

Question 9

Gene flow tends to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce genetic variation among populations over time

Question 10

Which of the following is a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

No mutations

Question 11

Given a population of 100 flowers, with 60 red (CRCR), 30 pink (CRCW), and 10 white (CWCW), what is the frequency of the CR allele?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{(60 	imes 2) + (30 	imes 1)}{200} = \frac{150}{200} = 0.75$$

Question 12

If $$p is $$the frequency of the dominant allele and $$q is $$the frequency of the recessive allele in a population, which equation represents the expected genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 13

In a population, the frequency of a recessive genetic disorder is 1 in 10,000 births. What is the frequency of the recessive allele ($$q$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$q = \sqrt{1/10,000} = 0.01$$

Question 14

Which type of natural selection results in increased frequency of individuals at both extremes of a trait distribution?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 15

Sexual selection can lead to sexual dimorphism. Which of the following is an example of sexual selection?

Accepted Answer

Male peacocks displaying elaborate tail feathers to attract females

Question 16

A population of 1,000 individuals has two alleles, A and a. If 360 individuals are AA, 480 are Aa, and 160 are aa, what is the frequency of allele A?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{(360 	imes 2) + (480 	imes 1)}{2000} = \frac{1200}{2000} = 0.6$$

Question 17

Which statement about genetic drift is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift always increases genetic variation within populations

Question 18

In a population of insects, an allele for insecticide resistance spreads rapidly after the introduction of a new insecticide. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Gene flow increasing population fitness

Question 19

Which scenario would most likely violate the Hardy-Weinberg condition of random mating?

Accepted Answer

Individuals preferentially mate with others of similar phenotype

Evolution of Populations: Mechanisms and Genetic Variation

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