Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'descent with modification' as proposed by Darwin?

Accepted Answer

Species change over generations, with offspring differing from their ancestors due to inherited genetic variations.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a line of evidence supporting the theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 3

A population of finches on the Galapagos Islands experienced a drought in 1978, resulting in fewer small seeds. Which evolutionary mechanism best explains the observed increase in average beak depth among surviving finches?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure?

Accepted Answer

The flippers of a whale and the arms of a human

Question 5

Which equation best represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles, $$p$$ and $$q$$?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 6

Which statement about convergent evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces analogous structures in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why whales have vestigial hind limb bones?

Accepted Answer

Whales inherited hind limb bones from terrestrial ancestors.

Question 8

Which process increases genetic variation in a population by combining genes from two parents?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct observation supporting evolution?

Accepted Answer

The change in beak size of Galapagos finches after a drought

Question 10

Which scientist first proposed the idea that animals could change or become extinct in response to interactions with their environment, but incorrectly suggested that acquired traits could be inherited?

Accepted Answer

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

Unlimited resources

Question 12

A breeder selects only the largest cows to reproduce, resulting in a population of increasingly larger cows over generations. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Artificial selection

Question 13

Which of the following best describes biogeography as evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

The spatial distribution of species, showing patterns that reflect evolutionary history and continental drift

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a molecular homology?

Accepted Answer

Similar DNA sequences in humans and chimpanzees

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

A single species of finch evolves into multiple species, each adapted to different food sources on the Galapagos Islands.

Question 16

Which of the following mechanisms can introduce new genetic variation into a population?

Accepted Answer

Random mutation

Question 17

Which of the following is a vestigial structure in humans?

Accepted Answer

The appendix

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why isolated continents and islands often have many endemic species?

Accepted Answer

Geographic isolation leads to independent evolutionary paths.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

The wings of a bat and the wings of an insect

Question 20

A population of beetles has 80% green alleles ($$G) $$and 20% brown alleles ($$g). If $$the population mates randomly and no evolutionary forces act, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$Gg) in $$the next generation? Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation: $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$.

Accepted Answer

$$0.32$$

Evolution—Descent with Modification (General Biology Study Notes)

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