Question 1

Which of the following is a requirement for a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It must be testable and falsifiable.

Question 2

A student proposes the following hypothesis: 'If plants are given fertilizer, then they will grow taller.' Which aspect makes this a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It can be tested and potentially proven false.

Question 3

Which of the following best differentiates inductive reasoning from deductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to general principles, while deductive reasoning moves from general principles to specific predictions.

Question 4

Which of the following lists the three parts of a scientific argument in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

Claim, evidence, reasoning

Question 5

A scientist claims that a new drug reduces blood pressure. She presents data from a clinical trial and explains how the drug blocks a specific enzyme. Which part of the scientific argument is the explanation of how the drug works?

Accepted Answer

Reasoning

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property in biology?

Accepted Answer

The ability of a heart to pump blood, which arises from the coordinated action of cardiac cells.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

A process in which the end product amplifies the original stimulus, such as the release of oxytocin during childbirth.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin and glucagon.

Question 9

Which type of feedback loop is most common in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 10

Which of the following best summarizes the core theme of biology?

Accepted Answer

Evolution, because it explains both the unity and diversity of life.

Question 11

A lizard moves to a sunny rock to warm up, while a polar bear has thick fur to survive in the cold. Which statement best differentiates acclimation from adaptation in these examples?

Accepted Answer

Acclimation is a temporary physiological change in an individual, while adaptation is a heritable trait that evolved in a population.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of deductive reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

A scientist predicts that if all cells come from pre-existing cells, then a new cell observed under the microscope must have arisen from another cell.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of a scientific argument?

Accepted Answer

Prediction

Question 14

Which of the following best describes an emergent property at the ecosystem level?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient cycling resulting from interactions among organisms, soil, and atmosphere.

Question 15

A patient with diabetes is unable to regulate blood sugar levels. Which feedback mechanism is disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a claim in a scientific argument?

Accepted Answer

"The new fertilizer increases crop yield."

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why evolution is considered the core theme of biology?

Accepted Answer

It provides a unifying explanation for the diversity and similarity of all living organisms.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of reasoning in a scientific argument?

Accepted Answer

"Because the fertilizer contains nitrogen, and nitrogen is known to promote plant growth, the observed increase in yield is likely due to the fertilizer."

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a positive and a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

A positive feedback loop amplifies changes, while a negative feedback loop counteracts changes to maintain stability.

Foundations of Scientific Reasoning and Core Themes in General Biology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard