Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven properties of life shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to decompose inorganic matter

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new organism that is unicellular, lacks a nucleus, and can survive in extreme environments such as hot springs. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of homeostasis in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining a constant internal environment despite external changes

Question 4

Which of the following statements about natural selection is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection increases the frequency of adaptations that are favorable in a given environment

Question 5

A population of beetles lives in a forest where the trees have dark bark due to pollution. Over several generations, the beetles become darker in color. Which concept does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of evolutionary adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A population of bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics over time

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic classification from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of molecular homology providing evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

Presence of the same gene for hemoglobin in humans and chimpanzees

Question 10

A scientist is studying two species of finches on the Galapagos Islands. She observes that both species have similar beak structures, but one species eats seeds while the other eats insects. Which concept best explains the similarity in beak structure?

Accepted Answer

Homology due to common ancestry

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of mutations in evolution?

Accepted Answer

Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation in populations

Question 12

Which of the following is a key limitation of science as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Science is limited to explanations about the natural world

Question 13

Which of the following is the best example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans breeding dogs for specific traits such as size or temperament

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the process of photosynthesis in autotrophs?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the fossil record is considered strong evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

It documents the existence of species that are now extinct and shows changes in species over time

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of descent with modification?

Accepted Answer

A population of moths changes color over generations due to environmental changes

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a feature of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Adaptations acquired during an organism's lifetime are inherited

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between evolution and homology?

Accepted Answer

Homology provides evidence for common ancestry, supporting the theory of evolution

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a heterotroph?

Accepted Answer

A mushroom obtaining nutrients by decomposing organic matter

Question 20

A population of rabbits is introduced to a new island. Over time, the population splits into two groups that can no longer interbreed due to different environmental pressures. Which evolutionary process has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Speciation

Fundamental Concepts in General Biology: Properties of Life, Evolution, and Diversity

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