Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of plasma glucose concentration in a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test?

$$\text{Plasma Glucose (mg/dL)} = \frac{\text{Amount of glucose in sample (mg)}}{\text{Volume of plasma (dL)}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive urination and thirst, but their blood glucose levels are normal. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback mechanism in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature regulation: when core temperature rises above 37°C, mechanisms activate to cool the body.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges; non-polar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of plasma glucose concentration in a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Plasma Glucose (mg/dL)} = \frac{	ext{Amount of glucose in sample (mg)}}{	ext{Volume of plasma (dL)}}$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming the bulk of the cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 7

A patient’s fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is measured at 130 mg/dL and their 2-hour glucose tolerance test is 210 mg/dL. According to diagnostic criteria, which condition do they most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

The oxygen atom has a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms have partial positive charges due to unequal electron sharing.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting electrical signals for communication

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of chemoreceptors in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

They detect changes in blood O$$_2$$ and CO$$_2$$ concentrations and trigger responses to restore balance.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of a positive feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

During childbirth, oxytocin release increases uterine contractions, which further stimulates oxytocin release.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of steroid molecules?

Accepted Answer

They consist of four carbon rings and are found in cell membranes.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves easily in water?

Accepted Answer

Water’s polarity allows it to surround and separate the positive Na$$^+$$ and negative Cl$$^-$$ ions.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It forms sheet-like layers that act as barriers and transport membranes on body surfaces and organs.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

To exert mechanical force and produce movement, either voluntarily or involuntarily.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment?

Accepted Answer

It makes up about 1/3 of the body’s total water and contains high concentrations of proteins.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions held together by electrical forces.

Question 19

A patient with gestational diabetes is at increased risk for which of the following after pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of glands in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete products into the external environment, while endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood.

Fundamentals of Human Physiology: Organization, Chemistry, and Homeostasis

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