Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the percentage of body water found in intracellular fluid if total body water is $$60\%$$ and extracellular fluid is $$20\%$$?

$$\text{Intracellular fluid} = \text{Total body water} - \text{Extracellular fluid} = 60\% - 20\% = 40\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive urination and thirst, but their blood glucose levels are normal. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 3

Which tissue type is primarily responsible for transmitting electrical signals throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback mechanism in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin and glucagon

Question 5

Given the following fasting plasma glucose test results, which value indicates diabetes according to the diagnostic criteria?

$$	ext{FPG} = 130\,	ext{mg/dL}$$

Accepted Answer

Diabetes

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is amphipathic and forms the bulk of the cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 7

A patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has normal insulin levels but elevated blood glucose. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Cells are resistant to insulin.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, while non-polar covalent bonds involve equal sharing.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting electrical signals

Question 10

Which organ system is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory system

Question 11

If a cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has a partial negative charge and hydrogen has a partial positive charge due to unequal electron sharing.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of a positive feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions

Question 14

Which of the following elements makes up the majority of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Hormones in pregnancy induce insulin resistance, which may resolve after birth.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of chemoreceptors in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

They detect changes in blood O$$_2$$ and CO$$_2$$ concentrations and trigger responses to restore balance.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the percentage of body water found in intracellular fluid if total body water is $$60\%$$ and extracellular fluid is $$20\%$$?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Intracellular fluid} = 	ext{Total body water} - 	ext{Extracellular fluid} = 60\% - 20\% = 40\%$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids

Question 19

Which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is correct?

Accepted Answer

It forms sheet-like layers that act as barriers and transport membranes.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) forms an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium loses an electron to become Na$$^+$$ and chlorine gains an electron to become Cl$$^-$$, resulting in attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Fundamentals of Human Physiology: Organization, Homeostasis, and Chemistry for Biology

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