Question 1

Which of the following best describes the 'Central Dogma' of molecular biology in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During transcription, which type of bond is formed between nucleotides in the growing RNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 3

In eukaryotic gene expression, which process occurs immediately after transcription and before translation?

Accepted Answer

Transcription processing

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing peptide bond formation between amino acids

Question 5

What is the correct sequence of events in bacterial translation?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Question 6

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

Question 7

A mutation changes the codon UAU (tyrosine) to UAA in an mRNA sequence. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate prematurely at this codon.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the formation of a phosphodiester bond during RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NTP} + (RNA)_{n} \rightarrow (RNA)_{n+1} + PP_i$$

Question 9

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following modifications occurs to pre-mRNA before it is translated?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and poly(A) tail

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why transcription and translation can be coupled in bacteria but not in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 11

Which of the following is a post-translational modification that can regulate protein activity?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 12

During eukaryotic transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 13

Which of the following statements about introns and exons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Introns are non-coding regions that are removed during RNA processing.

Question 14

A scientist observes that a protein is not functional because it lacks a phosphate group. Which process most likely failed?

Accepted Answer

Post-translational modification

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the ribosome's A site during translation?

Accepted Answer

It binds the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing between a codon and its corresponding anticodon?

Accepted Answer

Codon: AUG, Anticodon: UAC

Question 17

Which process is responsible for removing introns from pre-mRNA in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Spliceosome-mediated splicing

Question 18

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the promoter region of a gene. Which process is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Transcription initiation

Question 19

Which of the following equations represents the addition of a phosphate group to a protein during phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Protein} + (PO_4$)^{2-}$$ \rightarrow \mathrm{Phosphorylated~protein}$

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between bacterial and eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic gene expression involves transcription factors and mRNA processing, while bacterial gene expression does not.

C17 Gene Expression in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Central Dogma, Transcription, and Translation

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