Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why hydrocarbons are generally insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocarbons are nonpolar and water is polar, so they do not form favorable interactions.

Question 2

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-6}$$ moles/liter. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 3

Which functional group is responsible for making a molecule act as a base by accepting $$H^+$$ ions?

Accepted Answer

Amino group

Question 4

If a petunia flower has red vacuole contents, what can you infer about the pH inside its vacuoles?

Accepted Answer

The vacuole contents are more acidic (lower pH).

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an enantiomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules that are mirror images of each other but not superimposable.

Question 6

A molecule contains a carbonyl group at the end of its carbon chain. What type of compound is this?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the pH scale is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each decrease of 1 unit on the pH scale represents a tenfold increase in $$[H^+]$$ concentration.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a structural isomer?

Accepted Answer

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different bonding patterns.

Question 9

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ can exist as glucose or fructose. What type of isomerism does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomerism

Question 10

Which of the following functional groups will give a molecule a negative charge and allow it to interact with water due to its charge?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 11

If the pH of human blood drops below 6.95, what is the likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

The person will go into a coma.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why oil floats on water when the two are mixed?

Accepted Answer

Oil is nonpolar and hydrophobic, so it does not mix with polar water.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the interaction of functionalized hydrocarbons with water?

Accepted Answer

Adding functional groups to a hydrocarbon can make it interact with water.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a cis-trans (geometric) isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same formula and covalent bonds but different spatial arrangements around a double bond.

Question 15

A molecule contains a hydroxyl group. Which of the following is true about its properties?

Accepted Answer

It is likely to be polar and able to form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the pH of 7 is considered neutral?

Accepted Answer

At pH 7, the concentration of $$[H^+]$$ equals the concentration of $$[OH^-].$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids donate $$H^+$$ ions, while bases accept $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of adding a carboxyl group to a hydrocarbon?

Accepted Answer

It makes the molecule acidic and able to donate $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of the importance of geometric isomers?

Accepted Answer

Retinal in the photoreceptors of the eye exists as cis-trans isomers, affecting vision.

General Biology: Acids, Bases, pH, Carbon Chemistry, and Isomerism

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