Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketoses have it within the chain.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion

Question 3

Which type of linkage connects glucose monomers in amylose, a form of starch?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-1$$,4-glycosidic linkage

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. What type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 6

Which of the following molecules can pass most easily through the plasma membrane without assistance?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules like $$\mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 7

Which statement about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 8

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls and is composed of $$\beta-1$$,4-linked glucose units?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 10

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is more highly branched than starch.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of a chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Cristae

Question 13

Which of the following is a triose sugar?

Accepted Answer

Glyceraldehyde

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between alpha ($$\alpha) $$and beta ($$\beta) $$glucose?

Accepted Answer

The orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 differs between $$\alpha$$ and $$\beta$$ glucose.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a cell via a membrane protein down its concentration gradient

Question 19

Which of the following is a major energy storage molecule in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

General Biology: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Structure Study Guide

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