Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell, while meiosis produces cells with half the chromosome number.

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 3

A cell starts with 8 chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis. After mitosis is complete, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct statement about Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation, so each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cancer can arise from mutations in proto-oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogenes promote cell division, and mutations can convert them into oncogenes that cause uncontrolled cell growth.

Question 6

A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (X-linked recessive) and a man with normal blood clotting have a son. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of codominance in human genetics?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood type, where both A and B alleles are expressed equally in individuals with genotype $$I^A I^B$$

Question 8

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that DNA has been properly replicated before the cell enters mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G$$_2$$ checkpoint

Question 9

If a person has Turner Syndrome, which of the following karyotypes would you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

$$45, X$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes nondisjunction and its consequences?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate during cell division, resulting in gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of a sex-linked disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Question 12

What is the probability that two heterozygous parents for a recessive trait ($$Aa 	imes Aa) $$will have a child expressing the recessive phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$25\%$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about autosomal dominant disorders is correct?

Accepted Answer

They can be expressed if only one copy of the mutant allele is present.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the genetic variation observed in offspring produced by sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of telomeres?

Accepted Answer

Coding for proteins involved in cell division

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A chart displaying the number and appearance of chromosomes in a cell

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

The heterozygote expresses a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygotes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a major difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

They repair DNA and prevent uncontrolled cell division.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a polygenic trait in humans?

Accepted Answer

Height

General Biology: Cell Division and Patterns of Inheritance – Comprehensive Study Notes

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