Q: Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{Transcription} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Translation} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that houses DNA, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 3

A scientist is studying a cell that lacks a nucleus and has a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 4

Which process requires energy input in the form of ATP to move substances across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane has which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{Transcription} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Translation} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 7

Which statement about enzyme function is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 8

A protein is exposed to high heat and extreme pH. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature, losing its three-dimensional structure and function.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly from the transfer of a phosphate group to ADP during glycolysis or the citric acid cycle.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the tree of life and LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The tree of life is constructed using molecular tools such as DNA sequencing.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 12

Which statement best describes the difference between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic metabolism occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP than aerobic metabolism.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why a negative $$\Delta G$$ indicates a spontaneous reaction?

Accepted Answer

A negative $$\Delta G$$ means the reaction releases energy and can proceed without energy input.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of protein structure levels from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Question 15

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Which process will most likely occur if the cell membrane is permeable to water but not solutes?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell by osmosis.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of an amino acid's structure?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain (R group)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses protein channels to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely inhibit enzyme activity through feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A final product of a metabolic pathway binding to an allosteric site on the enzyme

Question 19

During glycolysis, which molecule is produced and enters the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP through cellular respiration.

General Biology: Cell Structure, Function, and Bioenergetics Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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