Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for the final processing and secretion of extracellular proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 2

Neutrophils are white blood cells involved in phagocytosis. Which organelle is especially abundant in neutrophils to facilitate this function?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Question 3

The principal protein component of thick myofilaments is ___, and the principal protein component of thin myofilaments is ___.

Accepted Answer

myosin; actin

Question 4

Which of the following is found in plant cells but not animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 5

In all cells, the cytoplasm is surrounded by the ___, whereas the ___ is found outside the plasma membrane of a plant cell.

Accepted Answer

plasma membrane; cell wall

Question 6

What parameter refers to the ratio of an object's image size to its real size in microscopy?

Accepted Answer

Magnification

Question 7

The sodium concentration is ___ inside the cell than outside, and the potassium concentration is ___ inside the cell. To maintain these concentrations, ___ is needed to power up the sodium-potassium pump during active transport.

Accepted Answer

lower; greater; ATP

Question 8

In ___ transport, the molecules move against a concentration gradient. Whereas, in ___ transport, the molecules move along the concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

active; passive

Question 9

The cell membrane must be ___ for osmosis to take place.

Accepted Answer

semipermeable

Question 10

The biological membrane is made up of a bilayer with ___ and ___ molecules embedded in it.

Accepted Answer

phospholipid and protein

Question 11

The engulfment of a dead cell is an example of which type of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of passive transport but not active transport?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy dependence

Question 13

Which of the following faces the greatest difficulty while passing a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ion

Question 14

In the mitochondrion, the processing of ADP to produce ATP is dependent on the:

Accepted Answer

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

Anabolism is the formation of complex compounds as catabolism is the:

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of complex compounds

Question 16

Which of the following factors affect activity of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 17

The majority of spontaneous reactions ___ the entropy of the system.

Accepted Answer

increase

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes the feedback inhibition process regulating metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

It uses the reaction product to regulate its own further production.

Question 19

Which type of energy is present in the C-H bonds of the glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy

Question 20

In the energy diagram for a biological reaction, identify the correct labeling for A, B, and C:

A: Transition state
B: Activation energy in the absence of an enzyme
C: Activation energy in the presence of an enzyme

Which option matches this labeling?

Accepted Answer

A - Transition state, B - Activation energy in the absence of an enzyme, C - Activation energy in the presence of an enzyme.

General Biology: Cell Structure, Function, and Metabolism Study Guide

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