Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between aldoses and ketoses?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses have their carbonyl group on the outside (terminal carbon), while ketoses have it on the inside (non-terminal carbon).

Question 2

Which of the following best defines an asymmetrical (chiral) carbon in a molecule?

Accepted Answer

A carbon atom bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Question 3

Peptide bonds are formed by which type of reaction, and what groups are involved?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the base pairs in DNA and the number of hydrogen bonds between them?

Accepted Answer

Adenine & Thymine = 2 hydrogen bonds; Guanine & Cytosine = 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic features shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Contain mitochondria for energy production

Question 6

According to the endosymbiosis theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from ancient prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA closely matches the DNA of extant prokaryotes, and they both have ribosomes and circular DNA.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, facilitates cell movement, and organizes organelles within the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a physical barrier and movement track for cell migration.

Question 9

Phospholipids are described as amphipathic molecules. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a membrane.

Question 11

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and possibly burst because water moves into the cell.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why proteins with nonpolar R groups are typically found in the interior of globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar R groups are hydrophobic and avoid contact with water.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of integrins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They are plasma membrane proteins that link the extracellular matrix (ECM) outside the cell to the cytoskeleton inside the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 16

A scientist discovers a new organelle in a plant cell that has a double membrane, its own circular DNA, and ribosomes. Which theory best explains the origin of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiosis theory

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

It attaches the cell membrane to the ECM.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic (polar) heads and hydrophobic (nonpolar) tails.

Question 19

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct multi-step application of diffusion and osmosis concepts? A plant cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen, and why?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell by osmosis, causing the cell to become turgid.

General Biology: Cell Structure, Macromolecules, and Membrane Function Study Guide

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