Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of the phospholipid bilayer in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward

Question 2

The 'fluid mosaic model' of the cell membrane refers to:

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure where proteins float in or on a fluid lipid bilayer

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transport into a cell via a carrier protein

Question 4

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may become turgid due to water entering

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 6

During aerobic respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 7

Which statement best describes the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NADH donates electrons to the electron transport chain, facilitating ATP production

Question 8

In photosynthesis, what is the direction of electron flow starting from the H$$_2O $$molecule?

Accepted Answer

H$$_2O$$ $$\rightarrow$$ NADP$$^+$$ $$\rightarrow CO$_2$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a product of fermentation in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 10

Which process directly produces the most ATP during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes competitive inhibition of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding

Question 12

Which step of aerobic respiration produces CO$$_2 as a $$waste product?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)

Question 13

Which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced in the following reaction? $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized; oxygen is reduced

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pigment molecules in the thylakoid membrane?

Accepted Answer

Producing ATP directly from light

Question 15

During the Calvin cycle, what is the primary function?

Accepted Answer

Fixation of carbon dioxide into organic molecules

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs first during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll is excited and transfers electrons

Question 17

Which of the following statements about exergonic reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy and occur spontaneously

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic reactions build complex molecules from simpler ones and require energy

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of active transport in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump maintaining ion gradients across nerve cell membranes

General Biology: Cell Structure, Metabolism, and Photosynthesis Study Guide

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