Question 1

Which of the following elements is NOT typically found in organic molecules as described by the acronym CHNOPS?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 2

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form, and what is the significance of this property in organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds, enabling it to build long chains and complex ring structures.

Question 3

Which functional group is represented by the formula $$\mathrm{R{-}COOH}$$ and is commonly found in organic acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 4

A dehydration synthesis reaction in living cells typically results in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Building larger molecules from smaller ones by removing water

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a monomer?

Accepted Answer

A small building block molecule that can join with others to form polymers

Question 6

Which of the following is a disaccharide formed by a glycosidic linkage between glucose and fructose?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 7

Cellulose is a polysaccharide that differs from starch in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is made of beta ($$\beta) $$glucose, while starch is made of alpha ($$\alpha) $$glucose.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain at least one double bond and are typically liquid at room temperature.

Question 9

Which part of a phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid tails

Question 10

What is the general structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon atom bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group

Question 11

Which type of bond forms between amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 12

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 13

What is denaturation of a protein, and which condition commonly causes it?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation is the loss of protein structure and function, commonly caused by high temperature.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the sugar and nitrogenous bases found in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Sugar: ribose; Bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

Question 16

Which complementary base pairing occurs in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{A}$$ pairs with $$\mathrm{T}$$, $$\mathrm{C}$$ pairs with $$\mathrm{G}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a polymer made of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down sucrose into glucose and fructose by adding water

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between alpha ($$\alpha) $$and beta ($$\beta) $$glucose?

Accepted Answer

The position of the hydroxyl group on the 1-carbon atom differs between $$\alpha$$ and $$\beta$$ glucose.

Question 20

Which of the following is a steroid molecule commonly found in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

General Biology: Chapters 4 & 5 – Organic Molecules and Biological Macromolecules

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