Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a polymer macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 2

Which statement correctly describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketoses have it within the chain.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an asymmetric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the general structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and an R group

Question 5

What determines the chemical activity of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

The nature of its R group (side chain)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a type of R group found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 7

In DNA, which base pairs with guanine, and how many hydrogen bonds form between them?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine; 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Which of the following is a feature shared by ALL cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a plasma membrane

Question 9

Which statement best describes a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in animal cells, and what is the main compartment where ATP synthesis occurs?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; the matrix

Question 11

Which scientist is most associated with the discovery of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Question 13

What is the primary function of motor proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

To move vesicles and organelles along cytoskeletal filaments

Question 14

Which of the following is a major component of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 15

What is the main function of the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and regulates cell behavior.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 17

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the water flow?

Accepted Answer

Water will flow out of the cell

Question 18

Which equation best represents the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 19

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and a plasma membrane. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 20

Which of the following organelles is directly involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

General Biology: Core Concepts and Cellular Structures Study Guide

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