Question 1

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element on the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 2

A sodium atom ($$\mathrm{Na}) $$and a chlorine atom ($$\mathrm{Cl}) $$form an ionic bond. What is the primary reason for this type of bond formation?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that forms polymers from monomers by removing water

Question 4

Proteins are polymers made of which type of monomer?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 5

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 6

Which process describes the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without energy input?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 7

During cellular respiration, what are the main inputs and outputs of the process?

Accepted Answer

Inputs: glucose and oxygen; Outputs: $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$, water, and ATP

Question 8

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells, while meiosis produces four haploid cells

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the 'universality of DNA'?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms use DNA to store genetic information, and the genetic code is nearly identical across species

Question 11

Which statement about RNA structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA is typically single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine

Question 12

During gene expression, what is the correct order of the processes?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, translation, differentiation

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 14

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of signal transduction pathways in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

They transmit signals from a cell's surface to its interior, resulting in a specific cellular response

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about differential gene expression is correct?

Accepted Answer

Differential gene expression allows cells with identical DNA to perform different functions

Question 19

Which type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons unequally, resulting in a molecule with partial charges?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 20

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. Which step of the scientific method should they perform first?

Accepted Answer

Make observations and ask a question

General Biology: Core Concepts and Processes Study Guide

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