Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction in the formation of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The red blood cells will shrink as water leaves the cells to balance the solute concentration.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in cell membranes.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions, allowing them to proceed at cellular temperatures.

Question 5

A scientist is studying a cell that contains a nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Which type of cell is she most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and are involved in cell division and intracellular transport.

Question 8

A mutation causes a protein to lose its tertiary structure but retain its primary structure. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The protein will lose its function because the three-dimensional shape is essential for activity.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 10

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 12

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the structure of phospholipids is essential for cell membrane function?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads allow them to form a bilayer that acts as a selective barrier.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are specific to their substrates and speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.

Question 18

A researcher observes that a certain protein is unable to function after being exposed to high heat. Which property of proteins does this observation illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Protein function depends on maintaining a specific three-dimensional structure.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.

General Biology: Core Concepts and Processes Study Guide

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