Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning in scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning starts with a general premise and predicts specific results, while inductive reasoning builds generalizations from specific observations.

Question 2

A scientist observes that all swans she has seen are white and concludes that all swans must be white. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the central dogma of molecular biology is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a theory in science?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a broad explanation supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 6

Which scientist is correctly matched with their contribution to evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin: Proposed the mechanism of natural selection.

Question 7

A fossil is found in a lower stratum of sedimentary rock compared to another fossil. What can you infer about their relative ages?

Accepted Answer

The fossil in the lower stratum is older.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?

Accepted Answer

The appendix

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 10

Given an atom with atomic number $$Z = 8$$ and mass number $$A = 18$$, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$10$$

Question 11

Which of the following bonds is responsible for the attraction between water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 12

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 13

A molecule of methane ($$\mathrm{CH_4$}) $$contains what type of bonds between carbon and hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 14

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of lysosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and anchoring cells

Question 17

Which cell junction allows for the direct transfer of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures in the endomembrane system involved in the synthesis and secretion of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ plasma membrane

Question 20

A researcher is comparing two organisms. Organism A has its DNA in a nucleoid region, while Organism B has its DNA enclosed within a nuclear envelope. Which domains do these organisms most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Organism A: Bacteria; Organism B: Eukarya

General Biology Exam 1 Review: Key Concepts and Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard