Q: Which of the following best describes the function of the Na\textsuperscript{+}-K\textsuperscript{+} ATPase in the cell membrane?

It creates an ion gradient by pumping Na\textsuperscript{+} out of and K\textsuperscript{+} into the cell using ATP.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for an observation, while a prediction is a specific outcome expected if the hypothesis is correct.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four characteristics shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 3

A researcher is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Which of the following is the best example of a dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The rate of enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why microvilli are important in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Question 5

According to Fick's Law of Diffusion, which of the following changes would most likely increase the rate of diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the surface area of the membrane

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the Na	extsuperscript{+}-K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It creates an ion gradient by pumping Na	extsuperscript{+} out of and K	extsuperscript{+} into the cell using ATP.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 8

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrink (crenate).

Question 9

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules across a membrane via a specific carrier protein, down their concentration gradient, without energy input.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct match between a digestive enzyme and its substrate?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin – proteins

Question 11

Which of the following statements about tight junctions is correct?

Accepted Answer

They form a seal between adjacent cells, preventing the passage of molecules between them.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine in the human digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and formation of feces

Question 14

A scientist wants to test whether a new drug affects heart rate in mice. Which of the following would be the best control group for this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Mice that receive a placebo treatment

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in cells?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid movement of water across cell membranes.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Question 18

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic to the cell.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of peristalsis in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

It moves food along the digestive tract by coordinated muscle contractions.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between structure and function in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

The fluid mosaic structure allows for selective permeability and flexibility.

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Scientific Method, Digestion, Membranes, and Cells

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