Question 1

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

Measuring plant growth in two groups, one with fertilizer and one without, while keeping all other conditions the same.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a broad explanation supported by evidence; a hypothesis is a testable statement.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common elements in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches a type of chemical bond with its description?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond: a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

Question 6

Which property of water allows it to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing heat with little temperature change?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 7

A scientist is testing the effect of a new drug on blood pressure. She gives the drug to one group and a placebo to another, keeping all other variables constant. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The administration of the new drug

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons in orbitals around the nucleus.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between atomic number ($$Z$$), mass number ($$A$$), number of protons ($$p$$), and number of neutrons ($$n$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$A = Z + n$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Combining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide and water.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why carbon is so important in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable organic molecules.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biological macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein - amino acid

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Long-term energy storage and structural support

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the sugar-phosphate backbone in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

It consists of alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by covalent bonds.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the 5' and 3' ends of a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the fifth carbon of the sugar.

Question 18

Which of the following is an emergent property of water that is critical for life?

Accepted Answer

Water's ability to form hydrogen bonds leads to high cohesion and surface tension.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are long chains of monomers joined by covalent bonds.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a single base change in their DNA. Which property of nucleic acids does this most directly affect?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of nitrogenous bases encodes genetic information.

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Scientific Inquiry, Chemistry of Life, and Biological Molecules

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard