Question 1

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of living matter, according to the acronym CHON?

Accepted Answer

Carbon

Question 2

What subatomic particles are directly involved when two atoms interact and form a chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons

Question 3

Which type of bond results from the sharing of a pair of valence electrons between two atoms, causing partial charges?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 4

If a solution has a pH value of 3, what is the $$[H^+]$$ concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	imes 10$$^{-3}$$ M

Question 5

Which of the following is a property of water that contributes to the cooling effect from sweating?

Accepted Answer

Evaporative cooling

Question 6

During the formation of a polymer from monomers, what type of reaction occurs and what is the by-product?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is released

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between cellulose and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is unbranched and forms fibers, glycogen is highly branched and used for energy storage

Question 8

Which type of fat has cis double bonds and is typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fat

Question 9

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary

Question 10

If a protein has a nonpolar side chain, where is it most likely to be found in the protein's structure?

Accepted Answer

In the interior, away from water

Question 11

Which functional group acts as a base in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 12

Which type of isomer has the same covalent arrangement but differs in spatial arrangement due to a double bond?

Accepted Answer

Cis-trans isomer

Question 13

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes responsible for intracellular digestion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 14

How many centrioles are found in a typical centrosome?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 15

Which of the following molecules is most likely to cross the plasma membrane freely without the help of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 16

If a solution has a $$[H^+]$$ concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-9}$$ M, what is its pH?

Accepted Answer

pH = 9

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a major structural component of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between an aldehyde sugar and a ketone sugar?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde sugars have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain; ketone sugars have it within the chain.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct formula for the relationship between pH and $$[H^+]$$ concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10} [H^+]$$

General Biology Exam Review: Chapters 2–7 Study Guide

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