Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why Archaea are able to inhabit extreme environments such as hot springs and salt lakes?

Accepted Answer

Their plasma membranes contain unique lipids that are more stable at high temperatures and salinities.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 3

A scientist observes that chimpanzees use tools to obtain food. Which type of scientific inquiry does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Discovery science

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct inference from Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals best suited to their environment will produce more offspring.

Question 5

Which chemical group is found in both amino acids and proteins, and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 6

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.18. According to the definition of metabolic acidosis, how would this condition be classified?

Accepted Answer

Acidemia

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid bilayer in plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face outward and hydrophobic tails face inward, forming a selectively permeable barrier.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that supports life?

Accepted Answer

Water is a poor solvent for salts and electrolytes.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct complementary RNA sequence to the DNA strand $$5'\ ATGCTTGCCAA\ 3'$$?

Accepted Answer

$$5'\ UACGAACGGUU\ 3'$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why most cells are microscopic?

Accepted Answer

A small size increases the surface area to volume ratio, facilitating efficient exchange of materials.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Transporting molecules across the membrane

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA is copied to produce two identical double-stranded molecules.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the genetic basis of variation?

Accepted Answer

Genetic mutation is the ultimate source of variation in populations.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about protein structure?

Accepted Answer

The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.

Question 19

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new drug on blood glucose levels. Which of the following is the best experimental design?

Accepted Answer

Use a control group and an experimental group, measure blood glucose before and after treatment, and analyze the results statistically.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

It is a condition in which acids build up in the body, often due to untreated diabetes or kidney dysfunction.

General Biology: Foundations, Cell Structure, and Biochemistry Study Notes

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