Question 1

Which feature is necessary for a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It must be testable and falsifiable.

Question 2

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

What type of chemical bond holds the complementary strands of a DNA molecule together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 4

Imagine a newly discovered biological molecule that is mostly hydrophobic in its structure. How would this new macromolecule be classified?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 5

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is responsible for breaking down waste in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 6

What is the main characteristic that defines the interior of a phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

It is hydrophobic.

Question 7

Which element is the basis for the macromolecules found in living things?

Accepted Answer

Carbon

Question 8

What is the purpose of double-blind experiments?

Accepted Answer

To minimize bias from both participants and researchers.

Question 9

Which macromolecule is composed of one or more sugars?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 10

What is the function of antioxidants in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They neutralize free radicals to prevent cellular damage.

Question 11

Which process involves the movement of molecules or atoms down a concentration gradient across plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 12

Which macromolecule has a sugar-phosphate backbone?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 13

Which group of nutrients includes lactose?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 14

What is a deficiency of water in the body called?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Question 15

Which organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

What kind of bond holds two water molecules to each other?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 17

Which component of amino acids accounts for the differences in their properties?

Accepted Answer

R group (side chain)

Question 18

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 19

What is the main source of energy for most cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 20

Which process fuses vesicles with the plasma membrane to move substances out of a cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

General Biology: Foundations, Cell Structure, and Biological Molecules – Study Guide

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