Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of parsimony in phylogenetic analysis?

Accepted Answer

The simplest explanation that fits the data is most likely to be correct.

Question 2

Which domain includes prokaryotes that often live in extreme environments, such as high temperature or high salinity?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

A scientist discovers a fossil in sedimentary rock strata. Which dating method would they use to determine if the fossil is older than another found above it?

Accepted Answer

Relative dating

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a step in the formation of organic molecules on early Earth?

Accepted Answer

Presence of large amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere

Question 5

What is the correct order of taxonomic ranks from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 6

Which type of symbiosis is exemplified by tapeworms living inside the intestines of mammals?

Accepted Answer

Parasitism (endoparasite)

Question 7

Gram-negative bacteria are generally more difficult to treat with antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria because:

Accepted Answer

They have an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides.

Question 8

Which process allows prokaryotes to incorporate foreign DNA from their surroundings, potentially resulting in pathogenicity?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 9

What is the main evolutionary advantage of multicellularity?

Accepted Answer

Cells can specialize for specific functions, increasing survival and reproduction.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a monophyletic group (clade)?

Accepted Answer

A group consisting of an ancestor and all of its descendants.

Question 11

Which event was essential for the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen revolution

Question 12

Which of the following statements about endospores is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Endospores can withstand extreme conditions and remain viable for centuries.

Question 13

A scientist is classifying a newly discovered organism. According to Linnaean taxonomy, which two parts make up its scientific name?

Accepted Answer

Genus and scientific epithet

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of prokaryotes in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes play a role in recycling chemical elements between living and nonliving components.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the half-life calculation for radiometric dating?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ e$$^{-\lambda t}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of heterochrony affecting evolutionary development?

Accepted Answer

Development of reproductive organs accelerates relative to other organs.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about aerobic and anaerobic prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Aerobes die without oxygen; anaerobes die with oxygen.

Question 18

Which mechanism of genetic diversity in prokaryotes involves viruses transferring DNA from one bacterium to another?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Cattle and egrets feeding together

Question 20

Which statement best explains why multicellularity evolved multiple times independently?

Accepted Answer

Different lineages found similar solutions to environmental challenges.

General Biology: Foundations, Classification, Evolution, and Multicellularity

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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